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Contents
Contents
Optics Laboratory
Physics 356
John Kielkopf
Department of Physics
University of Louisville
January 2001
Contents
List of Figures
Introduction
Where, when and how?
What to do and what to write
Inverse square law
Energy flow
The experiment
Light source and detector
How to begin
What to measure
Correction for scale zero
Observe inverse square behavior
Check that it really is a power of 2
A little homework problem ...
Fresnel equations
Reflectivity of polarized light
Making the measurements
Getting started
Find the reading for normally incident light
Measure the light intensity at different angles
Correct, tabulate, and graph the results
Repeat it again with perpendicular polarization
Analysis of your results
Determine Brewster's angle
Compare to the theoretical equations
Identify the source of errors
And think about this ...
Pfund refractometer
Index of refraction by total reflection
Find the index of refraction of glass
Look for a disk of light
Use a white lower surface
Figure out why this happens
Find the index for water
Put a drop on the top surface
You've seen it, explain it
Microwave Michelson Interferometer
Microwaves
Klystron
Detector
Let the experiments begin ...
Startup
Transmission
Reflection
Polarization
Michelson interferometer
Index of refraction
Optical Michelson interferometer
Optical path
Speed of light in a gas
Make the measurements
Adjust the interferometer
Change the pressure in the cell
Count how many rings go by
Analyze the results
Plot the data
Find the index of refraction of air
What is the wavelength of light in a vacuum?
Aberrations of a lens
What are aberrations?
Spherical aberration
Chromatic aberration
Evaluating aberrations with BEAM3
Observations of spherical and chromatic aberrations
Place carriers on the bench
Measure the focal length
Measure the spherical aberration
Orient the lens with flat side toward lamp
Colors
Analyze the observations
Find the focal length
Observe the characteristic
dependence
The best way to use a plano-convex lens
Color in images
Ray tracing
Foucault test
How to test optics
The experiment
Find the radius of curvature
Find the shift in focus for each zone
Analyze the surface of the mirror
Fraunhofer diffraction
Diffraction by a slit
The experiment
Adjust the light source
Measure the slit width
Adjust the slit to see diffraction
Find the fringes
Compare with the theory
Use diffraction to measure the width of a slit
Diffraction depends on wavelength
Computing a Fraunhofer pattern
Fresnel diffraction
Diffraction by a simple edge
The experiment
Put things in their place
Measure the fringes
Calculate the Cornu variable
Use the Cornu spiral
Compare Fraunhofer and Fresnel diffraction
Observe the change from Fresnel to Fraunhofer diffraction
Computing a Fresnel pattern
Spectra
Doublets in the sodium spectrum
The concave grating spectrograph
The experiment
Adjust the slit and light source
Load the film
Make the exposure
Record a fiduciary mark
Process the film
Analyze the spectrogram
Identify the spectral lines
Measure the spectral lines
Measure the doublet energy splitting
Yet another question ...
Developing 35 mm film
Holography
Introduction
Two beam transmission hologram
Holographic interferometry
Processing Holographic film and glass plate
How to use BEAM3
About the program
Starting the program
Chromatic Aberration of a Lens
Spherical Aberration of a Lens
Foucault Test
About this document ...
John Kielkopf 2001-01-23
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